How to connect "made in China" with "China service"

With the rapid development of information technology and economic globalization, the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry has become inevitable. Among them, the development of modern manufacturing service industry is an important way.



On the one hand, with the support of the Internet, Internet of things, cloud computing, big data and other emerging technologies, the traditional manufacturing industry has been rapidly transformed into a service-oriented one. On the other hand, the synchronous development strategy of industrialization, informatization, urbanization and agricultural modernization provides new market demand for the development of manufacturing industry.



From the international environment one is promoting the global one in the form of one intelligent manufacturing mode and one belt, one road construction. This provides opportunities for China's products, including high-end manufacturing equipment, to enter the international market and to carry out multilateral cooperation with other countries. It is an inevitable trend for China's manufacturing industry to develop from large to strong and achieve high-quality development.



Product differentiation advantage is difficult to maintain



Conceptually, manufacturing service industry is the general term of all kinds of services provided in the process of product production and use. Modern manufacturing service industry is an emerging industry which is gradually separated and developed independently from the internal production service department of modern manufacturing industry. It integrates information industry, manufacturing industry, service industry and modern management methods, and continuously extends services to the front and back ends with the help of modern scientific and technological means.



At present, the modern manufacturing service industry has developed in various forms, including professional research and development, design, testing, third-party logistics, supply chain management optimization, engineering general contracting and overall solutions, testing, maintenance, parts customization services, equipment leasing, guarantee, re insurance, call center, response center, software development and application services, product recycling, processing and re insurance Manufacturing, etc.



More and more people in the industry believe that the future manufacturing industry will be more like the service industry, and the future service industry must also be based on the new manufacturing industry. In fact, the industrial development of developed countries in the late stage of industrialization has shown similar characteristics, that is, continuously promoting the integration of service industry and manufacturing industry.



Why? Because with the continuous progress of technology, the difference of product performance is getting smaller and smaller, and the complementarity and substitutability between products are constantly improving. The competitive advantage brought by the product differentiation strategy has become increasingly difficult to maintain. Therefore, the value-added link of manufacturing industry value chain has to be transferred to the service link. Under this trend, many large multinational companies are gradually changing from production-oriented manufacturing to service-oriented manufacturing, and the industrial value chain is obviously characterized by "dumbbell" type, with big at both ends and small in the middle.



It is conducive to meet the personalized needs of users



At present, the overall scale of China's manufacturing industry ranks first in the world. With the deepening of supply side structural reform, the development structure of China's manufacturing industry has been further optimized. However, compared with some developed countries, there is still a big gap in the competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry.



For example, there is a lack of developed industrial division system, and a strong industrial chain has not yet been formed; the ability of independent innovation is weak; the industrial structure is unreasonable, and there is still a big gap between China and other industrial powers in terms of product quality, resource utilization, industrial structure, and information level, especially in the development of high-end equipment manufacturing and producer services; some enterprises are still based on high energy consumption and high pollution On the basis of high investment and low efficiency, the concept of development needs to be changed.



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From the international experience, the implementation of service-oriented transformation can significantly improve the economic benefits of enterprises. The research shows that more and more enterprises' revenue comes from the customers in the whole life cycle of products; services usually have higher added value than goods, and can provide more stable revenue sources. For example, in the 1980s, the traditional manufacturing output value of General Electric Company in the United States accounted for 85% and the service output value was only 12%, but now the output value created by "technology + Management + service" has accounted for 70% of the total output value of the company.



As far as a single manufacturing enterprise is concerned, the service-oriented and service industrialization of manufacturing industry also makes the value chain shorten. Therefore, enterprises can focus more on the creation of core competitive advantage and the construction of market response ability. In this regard, Hunan Yuanda Group's transformation from a central air conditioning provider to an energy management service provider is a typical case.



In short, the development of modern manufacturing service industry is conducive to the equipment manufacturing enterprises to meet the personalized needs of users, improve the overall level of profitability, enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises, and finally realize the transformation from large to strong.



What inspiration does the US approach bring



In promoting the extension of manufacturing value chain to service industry, the practice and experience of the United States has enlightening and reference value.



One is to promote the cluster of manufacturing industry. According to the data, the government directly supports at least two-thirds of the 260 cluster programs in the United States. The specific measures include: the federal government continuously evaluates the successful clusters and draws policy experience to help regional managers improve their management level; the federal government provides competitive funding to support States and regions to maintain modern science parks and technology development and implementation centers focusing on manufacturing industry.



For example, under the leadership of the White House, the small business administration, the National Institute of standards and technology of the United States, the economic development agency, the National Science Foundation and the European defense group have joined hands to establish "energy innovation centers" - regional innovation clusters for solar energy, energy-saving buildings, nuclear energy and advanced batteries.



As another example, the Federation, in cooperation with state agencies and the Department of defense, has established robot clusters in Michigan, Virginia, and Hawaii. In more than four years, Michigan has rapidly developed into one of the world's leading lithium-ion battery manufacturers. At the same time, Michigan has attracted 6 billion US dollars of emerging private investment and created 62000 jobs through substantial production tax credits.



The second is to support the connection between universities and the market: University seed funds and incubators help start-ups profit from research projects. The government continues to increase early funding for projects to support the commercialization of university research, and to establish new centers of excellence to promote the cooperation of emerging technologies among business, industry, universities and the government.



Third, promote public-private cooperation: public private cooperation is a key component of the successful innovation policy of the United States. A well-designed public-private partnership can not only ensure that the United States is ahead of other countries in knowledge creation, but also gain more innovative economic value by transforming inventions into products, companies, industries and jobs. One way is for enterprises, universities and governments to use resources to build R & D centers, train labor, develop supply and support industries, and provide venture capital.



Fourth, attract universities to enter the science and technology park. The United States continues to encourage universities, national laboratories and industrial cooperation, and with generous tax incentives to attract multinational factories and R & D centers into science and technology parks.



It is worth mentioning that in order to make up for the fiscal incentive gap in offshore areas, some state governments in the United States have implemented a wider range of policy tools, including tax relief and R & D subsidies, low-cost loans and free or subsidized labor training.



Gathering and expanding manufacturing service industry chain



It is undeniable that at present, China still takes manufacturing as the main body, pays more attention to manufacturing than service, pays more attention to production than application, and so on. The next step is to promote the transformation from "made in China" to "created in China" and "service in China"



First, increase financial and tax support for modern manufacturing services. In view of the prominent contradictions and problems in the development of modern manufacturing service industry, policies and measures are formulated to promote the development of modern manufacturing service industry from market access, financial support, tax preference, financial support and other aspects.



Second, combined with the advantages of pilot Free Trade Zone, promote the cluster development of modern manufacturing services. The key point is to guide and promote modern manufacturing service enterprises to improve their professional level and service ability, selectively cultivate well-known enterprises, improve industrial supporting conditions, and give priority to the development of modern manufacturing service industry cluster.



Third, we should pay attention to the research cooperation among the government, universities, enterprises and research institutions. We should make full use of the research resources of universities, follow the basic law that universities are the source of innovation, and actively guide the combination of enterprises' early investment and university scientific research achievements transformation, so as to promote the efficiency of industry university research.



Fourth, speed up the pace of intelligent manufacturing. With the rise of human cost and the progress of information technology, the intelligent development trend of manufacturing industry is irreversible. We must find a way to make the best use of local conditions, further accelerate the integration of manufacturing and the Internet, and make use of the "Internet plus" to make the manufacturing service industry chain continuously grow stronger.